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Blending bluegrass, reggae, jazz, blues and straight-ahead rock
'n' roll into their own unique musical stew, Colorado's String
Cheese Incident has, in a few short years, risen to the upper tier
of the jam-band echelon. As recently as 1999, the band was playing
the 600-seat Fox Theater in Boulder, but in 2000, the band headlined
a show at Red Rocks for a near sold-out crowd. Constant touring and
a slot on the 1999 Summer Sessions tour with former Grateful Dead
bassist Phil Lesh has let fans across the country in on the secret
that Coloradans had tried to keep for over five years.
String Cheese Incident is made up of mandolinist/fiddler Michael
Kang, acoustic guitarist Bill Nershi, bassist Keith Moseley,
keyboardist Kyle Hollingsworth and drummer Michael Travis. The
musical hopscotch the band performs every night keeps soundman Jon
O'Leary working hard. "It is difficult to be perfect every single
night, because we change so much from genre to genre in each song,"
says O'Leary. "Every song needs to be mixed differently. When we go
from reggae to bluegrass, I have to redo my whole mix, and they
genre-hop so much it constantly keeps me on my toes. There are a lot
of subtle things that need to be done to make it sound good, and
that is what I like so much about working with these guys. They go
so many places soundwise during an evening that it keeps me very
focused on the music. It is a big challenge to make them sound good
each night."
O'Leary has been doing sound for the band since 1996, when Kang
approached him at the Telluride Bluegrass Festival and asked if he
would care to mix the band's set. O'Leary, one of the founders of
the Fox Theater, had gained extensive sound experience at the Fox
and readily agreed. After leaving the Fox and joining up with String
Cheese Incident, O'Leary formed Shaped Music Productions with Rich
Werdes, and the company owns the entire SCI sound production
setup.
The core of the band's sound system is a
V-DOSC(TM) line array system, which they have
been using since August 1999. For the theater tours, Shaped Music
Productions provides 12 V-DOSC(TM) speakers and
six d/V-DOSC(TM) speakers hung under the regular
cabinets and used for downfill, all powered by QSC 6.0 amplifiers.
Eight L-Acoustic SB218 subwoofer cabinets are powered by QSC 9.0
amps. "In 2001, we will be upping to 16
V-DOSC(TM)
speakers, split eight to a side, to
cover more area," adds O'Leary. "We also use Meyer UPAs for
near-fills; we stick those onstage for people in the front row."
O'Leary mixes on a Midas Heritage 3000 console. "It's a
great-sounding desk and gives me a lot of flexibility," O'Leary
comments. "It has 24 auxiliary ins, which help me create the full
stereo effect and wide sound that we go for, and it also helps with
the multitrack recording we do." For effects, O'Leary uses TC
Electronic M5000 and M2000 multi-effects units, plus a TC Electronic
D-2 delay unit and a Lexicon MPX-1. Dynamics are handled with dbx
1066 compressors and an ACP 88 for gating.
O'Leary has a variety of microphones set up onstage. The drum
mics include six Shure SM98s on toms and percussion, two Shure
KSM32s for overheads, an M88 on kick, Shure Beta 57 on the snare and
Audix CX-111s for hi-hat. Michael Kang's amplified mandolin gets
stereo Sennheiser 409s and an Audix CX-111 on his fiddle cabinet.
Acoustic guitarist Bill Nershi is assigned a Neumann 170 on the
speaker cabinet, plus a stereo direct input. Keith Moseley gets an
Audix CX-111 on the bass cabinet, plus a direct input from his
preamp. Keyboardist Kyle Hollingsworth's Leslie cabinet is miked
with two Audix CX-111 mics on top and an Audio-Technica AT25 at the
bottom. Left and right Rhodes piano and left and right synthesizer
inputs are submixed to a stereo pair through a Mackie 1201. "That
isn't the way I want it, but it saves inputs for the multitrack,"
says O'Leary. "We might change that in the future."
Vocal mics were all Audix VX-10s at the time of writing, but
O'Leary intended to change vocal mics in the New Year. "I want to
start using the Neumann 105s," he says. "Eventually, I would like to
have a whole rack of mic pre's to go into, with the ability to
remote-control the levels from FOH. That is all lots of money, and
we will have to see if we can afford it. There is a lot of
cutting-edge stuff we'd like to keep up with."
Mixing acoustic guitar with electric mandolin and keyboards could
be a feedback nightmare, but in late 1997, the band switched to
in-ear monitors, and that has made life easier for both O'Leary and
monitor engineer Ian Skomski. In particular, O'Leary says using
in-ear monitors helps him get the volume of the acoustic instruments
up and balanced in the mix. "One of the things that certainly has
contributed to getting volume out of Billy is using the in-ear
monitors. Since no sound folds back from the monitors, I can get his
guitar further up into the mix and get tonal qualities that I
couldn't get if we had open wedges onstage. As far as balancing the
tonal aspects, there are a lot of mid- to upper-midrange frequencies
that Billy, Kyle and Mike live in. It is equally important for me to
try to create space between them and for them to play parts that
don't step on each other. They have to realize that they shouldn't
fight each other, but complement each other, and I try to separate
them a little bit in the stereo image to give them a little more
space than if it was a strictly mono mix. It's more taste and who I
feel needs to be on top a little bit and who needs to be layered
underneath. That is very tricky. I have to understand where each
individual wants to be in the mix. We talk a lot about that, about
where they should be in the mix during parts of songs, and I do my
best to find a balance between what is working for me at front of
house and where they want to be in the mix."
Monitor engineer Skomski, who joined up with the band in the
summer of 1998, describes the in-ear setup: "We use a Midas XL250
monitor desk and Shure ESM600 personal in-ear monitors. Everybody in
the band has a stereo mix going to their head. We use a pair of AKG
microphones onstage to add stage and audience ambience to the in-ear
mix, so the band can really pick up a little on what the audience is
hearing and adjust accordingly. Those mics just go to the monitors;
one is between Mike and Billy, and one between Kyle and Keith. There
is also one for Travis. The mics also allow each bandmember to talk
to each other, which really helps them give each other cues for the
segues between songs. In-ears cut about 20 dB, so the mics are
necessary for communication. It's much better than having everyone
yelling at each other. We use very little outboard EQ on the monitor
desk. We use some Ashly EQ, but no other processing. We have a
reverb, but they don't even use it."
Placing the cabinets each night is something O'Leary works out
scientifically with systems tech Phil Krumrine and is an important
element in the finished sound. "Phil will measure the dimensions of
the room and the height of the rise to the back of the room and the
height of the balcony to the back of the balcony," explains O'Leary.
"Specifically, we measure where the ear level of the front row of
the balcony is to the ear level of the rear row of the balcony, and
that is where we aim the sound. We only shoot sound where the
patrons are sitting or standing. After we get the measurements, it
goes into the computer, and it will give us a physical display of
the P.A. and what angles straps to use between each speaker. The
computer gives the optimal splay to make the sound the most
consistent, so that people in the back row should hear the same
tonal qualities as someone in the first row. Obviously, dB levels
will be different. The whole technique is called 'wave front
sculpture technology,' and that is critical to making line array
systems sound good.
"We are pretty happy with the L-Acoustic
V-DOSC(TM) system," O'Leary continues. "Judging
from the number of brand-new line array systems on the market, it is
a growing field, but L-Acoustic was really the first company to
invest in it, and they patented their wave guide in 1992 and started
making those V-DOSC(TM) speakers. All the major
companies are moving toward using line arrays for several
applications. There is a debate over what systems are best for
different applications, but some of the biggest tours in the world
use V-DOSC(TM) now. It has been a great system
for us and works in theaters, outdoor festivals and big outdoor
shows, and I think we will be able to grow with it. I mean,
Aerosmith uses V-DOSC(TM) for arenas, so it must
work. If we ever get to that level, we will try
V-DOSC(TM) first. I haven't done a show yet where
I wasn't happy with V-DOSC(TM)
, and I have used
it everywhere from small clubs to big outdoor festivals."
Candace Horgan is a freelance writer based in the Denver
area. |